Avancera Ord - Kapitel 1

1. en anledning noun

A cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event. It is the factor that motivates a particular outcome or decision.

Context: The word 'anledning' is used to explain the 'why' behind something. It can be the justification for an action, the cause of an event, or the basis for a belief. It's a fundamental word used in discussions, explanations, and arguments, similar to how 'reason' is used in English.

Examples:

1. Vad var anledningen till att du var sen?
   (What was the reason you were late?)
2. Det finns ingen anledning att vara orolig.
   (There is no reason to be worried.)
3. Hon gav mig en bra anledning att ändra mig.
   (She gave me a good reason to change my mind.)

2. att anmäla verb

To formally report, notify, or declare something to an authority or organization. In its reflexive form, 'anmäla sig', it means to register, enroll, or sign up for something.

Context: The verb 'anmäla' is broadly used for any formal notification. It can mean reporting something negative, like a crime to the police ('anmäla ett brott') or a problem to a landlord. It's also very commonly used in its reflexive form, 'anmäla sig', which means to register, sign up, or enroll for something positive, like a course ('anmäla sig till en kurs'), a competition, or a newsletter.

Examples:

1. Jag måste gå till polisstationen för att anmäla en stöld.
   (I need to go to the police station to report a theft.)
2. Hon bestämde sig för att anmäla sig till kvällskursen i spanska.
   (She decided to sign up for the evening course in Spanish.)
3. Om du är sjuk måste du anmäla det till din arbetsgivare före klockan nio.
   (If you are sick, you must notify your employer before 9 AM.)

3. avlägsen adjective

Describes something that is far away, either in distance, time, or relationship. It can mean 'remote', 'distant', or 'far-off'. The neuter form is 'avlägset' and the plural/definite form is 'avlägsna'.

Context: This adjective is used to describe physical distance (e.g., a remote location), temporal distance (e.g., a distant memory or the far-off future), and relational or figurative distance (e.g., a distant relative or a faint possibility).

Examples:

1. Byn ligger i en avlägsen del av landet.
   (The village is located in a remote part of the country.)
2. Det är bara ett avlägset minne nu.
   (It's only a distant memory now.)
3. De är avlägsna släktingar till mig.
   (They are distant relatives of mine.)

4. ett avstånd noun

The length of the space between two points, things, or people.

Context: Refers to the physical space between two points, objects, or people. It can also be used figuratively to describe emotional or social separation. The phrase 'hålla avstånd' (to keep distance) is very common, especially in the context of social distancing.

Examples:

1. Vad är avståndet mellan Stockholm och Göteborg?
   (What is the distance between Stockholm and Gothenburg?)
2. Vänligen håll ett säkert avstånd till fordonet framför dig.
   (Please keep a safe distance to the vehicle in front of you.)
3. Det har uppstått ett avstånd mellan oss på senare tid.
   (A distance has grown between us lately.)

5. att bedöma verb

To form an opinion or conclusion about something or someone after consideration; to evaluate or assess.

Context: The verb 'att bedöma' is used when you are forming an opinion or making a judgment about something or someone. It implies a level of consideration or evaluation. It can be used in formal contexts, like a judge in a court or a teacher grading a paper, as well as in more informal situations, like giving your opinion on a movie or assessing a social situation.

Examples:

1. Det är svårt att bedöma situationen utan all fakta.
   (It is difficult to assess the situation without all the facts.)
2. Läraren kommer att bedöma elevernas prestation på provet.
   (The teacher will assess the students' performance on the test.)
3. Man ska inte bedöma en person efter utseendet.
   (You shouldn't judge a person by their appearance.)

6. att beställa verb

To request something to be provided, delivered, or reserved, typically in a commercial context. This can refer to ordering food, products, or services, as well as booking or reserving a table, room, or appointment.

Context: The primary use of 'att beställa' is for ordering goods or services, such as food in a restaurant, items from an online store, or a taxi. It is also commonly used for booking or reserving things, like a table at a restaurant ('beställa bord'), a hotel room, or tickets for an event.

Examples:

1. Jag skulle vilja beställa en kaffe, tack.
   (I would like to order a coffee, please.)
2. Vi måste beställa ett bord för två personer.
   (We need to book a table for two people.)
3. Hon beställde boken på nätet igår.
   (She ordered the book online yesterday.)

7. ett bidrag noun

A contribution, grant, or subsidy. It refers to something given, often money or effort, to help achieve a common goal, support a cause, or as a form of financial aid from an organization or government.

Context: The word 'bidrag' is commonly used in several contexts. It can refer to financial aid or benefits from the government, such as 'barnbidrag' (child benefit) or 'bostadsbidrag' (housing allowance). It also means a contribution or donation to a cause, charity, or project. In a more abstract sense, it can be a contribution to a discussion, a piece of art for an exhibition, or a scientific paper.

Examples:

1. Många studenter är beroende av studiebidrag från staten.
   (Many students are dependent on student grants from the state.)
2. Tack för ditt generösa bidrag till insamlingen.
   (Thank you for your generous contribution to the fundraiser.)
3. Hans bidrag till diskussionen var mycket värdefullt.
   (His contribution to the discussion was very valuable.)

8. däremot adverb

An adverb used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or contradicts something that has just been said. It functions similarly to the English words 'however', 'on the other hand', or 'in contrast'.

Context: Däremot is a very common conjunctional adverb used to link two contrasting ideas or clauses. It signals a shift or opposition. While 'men' (but) can often be used, 'däremot' places a stronger emphasis on the contrast between the two points. It can be placed at the beginning of the second clause or, more commonly, after the verb (in the V2 position).

Examples:

1. Jag gillar sommaren, min bror däremot föredrar vintern.
   (I like summer; my brother, on the other hand, prefers winter.)
2. Filmen var inte särskilt bra. Musiken var däremot fantastisk.
   (The movie was not very good. The music, however, was fantastic.)
3. Han tjänar inte mycket pengar. Däremot är han väldigt nöjd med sitt liv.
   (He doesn't earn much money. In contrast, he is very happy with his life.)

9. en efterfrågan noun

The desire of consumers, clients, etc., for a particular commodity, service, or other item. It is the economic principle of demand.

Context: Primarily used in economics and business to discuss the demand for goods, services, or labor. The classic phrase is 'tillgång och efterfrågan' (supply and demand).

Examples:

1. Efterfrågan på elbilar har ökat kraftigt de senaste åren.
   (The demand for electric cars has increased sharply in recent years.)
2. Det finns en stor efterfrågan på kvalificerade programmerare.
   (There is a high demand for qualified programmers.)
3. Priset styrs av tillgång och efterfrågan.
   (The price is determined by supply and demand.)

10. en erfarenhet noun

Knowledge or skill that you get from doing, seeing, or feeling things. It can also refer to a particular incident or event which has happened to you.

Context: This word is frequently used when discussing job qualifications (work experience, 'arbetslivserfarenhet') and personal development. It can describe a specific event ('en dålig erfarenhet' - a bad experience) or the accumulated knowledge from such events.

Examples:

1. Jag har tio års erfarenhet inom branschen.
   (I have ten years of experience in the industry.)
2. Att resa ensam var en oförglömlig erfarenhet.
   (Traveling alone was an unforgettable experience.)
3. Man lär sig av sina erfarenheter.
   (You learn from your experiences.)

11. att framställa verb

To produce, manufacture, or create something, often on an industrial or artistic scale. It also means to depict, represent, or portray someone or something, for example in art, literature, or film.

Context: This verb has two primary meanings. The first is related to manufacturing and production, such as 'to produce chemicals' (att framställa kemikalier) or 'to manufacture a product'. The second meaning is about representation or depiction, such as 'to portray a character' (att framställa en karaktär) in a story or 'to present an argument' (att framställa ett argument).

Examples:

1. Fabriken framställer miljövänliga förpackningar.
   (The factory produces environmentally friendly packaging.)
2. I filmen framställs han som en skurk.
   (In the film, he is portrayed as a villain.)
3. Konstnären ville framställa stadens kaos.
   (The artist wanted to depict the chaos of the city.)

12. att förbereda verb

To make something or someone ready for a future event or activity; to get ready or put things in order beforehand.

Context: The verb 'att förbereda' is a fundamental and versatile word used whenever you are getting something or someone ready for a future event. It can be used for preparing for exams, meetings, or trips ('att förbereda sig för en resa'). It's also commonly used in the context of cooking, meaning to prepare food or a meal ('att förbereda mat'). The reflexive form, 'att förbereda sig', is very common and means 'to prepare oneself'.

Examples:

1. Jag måste förbereda mig för provet imorgon.
   (I need to prepare myself for the test tomorrow.)
2. Kocken började förbereda middagen.
   (The chef started to prepare the dinner.)
3. Vi förbereder oss för vår resa till Sverige.
   (We are preparing for our trip to Sweden.)

13. ett förbud noun

An official rule stating that something is not allowed; a prohibition or ban. 'Ett' is the indefinite article for neuter nouns.

Context: This word is used to describe official rules or laws that forbid a certain activity. You'll often see it in compound nouns like 'rökförbud' (smoking ban) or 'mobilförbud' (cell phone ban) in schools or public places. The verb form is 'att förbjuda' (to forbid).

Examples:

1. Regeringen införde ett förbud mot att sälja alkohol efter klockan tio.
   (The government introduced a ban on selling alcohol after ten o'clock.)
2. Det är ett totalt förbud mot öppen eld i skogen på grund av torkan.
   (There is a total ban on open fires in the forest due to the drought.)
3. Skolan har ett förbud mot att använda mobiltelefoner under lektionstid.
   (The school has a prohibition against using mobile phones during class time.)

14. ett genomsnitt noun

The result obtained by adding several quantities together and then dividing this total by the number of quantities; the mean. It represents a typical or central value in a set of data.

Context: Used frequently in mathematics, statistics, and economics to describe a central tendency (e.g., average income, average temperature). The phrase 'i genomsnitt' means 'on average' and is very common in everyday language. It can also be used more broadly to refer to something that is normal or typical.

Examples:

1. I genomsnitt sover jag sju timmar per natt.
   (On average, I sleep seven hours per night.)
2. Genomsnittsåldern på studenterna är 22 år.
   (The average age of the students is 22.)
3. Hans betyg ligger långt över genomsnittet.
   (His grades are well above average.)

15. en hänsyn noun

The act of showing consideration, thoughtfulness, or regard for the feelings, needs, or circumstances of others, or for a particular fact.

Context: This word is fundamental in Swedish social etiquette. It's frequently used in the phrases 'ta hänsyn till' (to take into consideration/account) and 'visa hänsyn' (to show consideration). It implies being thoughtful about how your actions affect others, whether in public spaces, at work, or in personal relationships.

Examples:

1. Vi måste ta hänsyn till allas åsikter innan vi fattar ett beslut.
   (We must take everyone's opinions into consideration before we make a decision.)
2. Visa hänsyn och sänk volymen på din musik på bussen.
   (Show consideration and lower the volume of your music on the bus.)
3. Han agerade utan hänsyn till konsekvenserna.
   (He acted without regard for the consequences.)

16. ett inflytande noun

The power or capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something, or the effect itself. The word 'ett' before it signifies that it is a neuter noun.

Context: This word is commonly used in discussions about politics, social dynamics, business, and personal relationships to describe the power or effect one person, group, or event has on another. It can refer to both positive and negative effects.

Examples:

1. Hennes tal hade ett stort inflytande på publiken.
   (Her speech had a great influence on the audience.)
2. Föräldrar har ett betydande inflytande över sina barns utveckling.
   (Parents have a significant influence over their children's development.)
3. Lobbning är ett sätt att utöva inflytande på politiska beslut.
   (Lobbying is a way to exert influence on political decisions.)

17. likgiltig adjective

Indifferent, apathetic, or unconcerned. It describes a state of not caring about something or someone, showing no interest, enthusiasm, or emotional response.

Context: The word 'likgiltig' is used to describe a person's attitude or emotional state. It signifies a lack of interest, concern, or emotion towards something, often in a situation where a reaction would be expected. It can be used to describe someone's stance on political issues, personal news, or the well-being of others. The connotation is often negative, implying coldness or a lack of empathy.

Examples:

1. Han var helt likgiltig inför valet och brydde sig inte om att rösta.
   (He was completely indifferent to the election and didn't bother to vote.)
2. Hon verkade likgiltig inför de dåliga nyheterna, som om det inte påverkade henne alls.
   (She seemed indifferent to the bad news, as if it didn't affect her at all.)
3. Hur kan du vara så likgiltig inför vad som händer i världen?
   (How can you be so indifferent to what is happening in the world?)

18. ett meddelande noun

A piece of information, often short, that is sent or left for someone, or a public announcement.

Context: This is a very common word used for any form of communication, from a text message (SMS), email, or voicemail to a physical note or a public announcement. It covers both personal and official communications. The definite form is 'meddelandet' (the message) and the plural form is 'meddelanden' (messages).

Examples:

1. Jag fick ett meddelande från min vän.
   (I received a message from my friend.)
2. Kan du lämna ett meddelande till chefen?
   (Can you leave a message for the boss?)
3. Det kom ett viktigt meddelande på radion.
   (There was an important announcement on the radio.)

19. att misstänka verb

To have a feeling or belief that someone is guilty of an illegal, dishonest, or unpleasant action, without having proof. It can also mean to doubt or have a hunch about something.

Context: The word 'att misstänka' is most commonly used in legal or criminal contexts, where someone is suspected of a crime. It can also be used in everyday situations to express a feeling of doubt or a hunch that something is not right or that someone is not being truthful.

Examples:

1. Polisen misstänker att mannen är skyldig.
   (The police suspect that the man is guilty.)
2. Jag misstänker att han inte talar sanning.
   (I suspect that he is not telling the truth.)
3. Hon misstänktes för stöld men blev senare frikänd.
   (She was suspected of theft but was later acquitted.)

20. närvarande adjective

Means 'present' in the sense of being physically at a location, or 'current'/'at the present time'. It describes someone or something that is here and now.

Context: Used to describe someone being physically present, for example, at a meeting or in a room. It can also be used to mean 'current' or 'at the present time', referring to the situation right now. As an adverb, it can mean 'currently' or 'at present'.

Examples:

1. Alla lärare var närvarande på mötet.
   (All the teachers were present at the meeting.)
2. Den närvarande situationen är komplicerad.
   (The current situation is complicated.)
3. Hur många är närvarande?
   (How many people are present?)

21. att ogilla verb

To not like or to have a negative opinion of something or someone; to disapprove of.

Context: The verb 'ogilla' is the direct opposite of 'gilla' (to like). It's used to express a negative feeling, opinion, or sentiment towards a person, object, action, or idea. It's a common, everyday word used in a wide range of situations, from expressing personal taste (e.g., disliking a certain food) to stating disapproval of a decision or behavior.

Examples:

1. Jag ogillar verkligen när folk är sena.
   (I really dislike it when people are late.)
2. Hon ogillade beslutet starkt.
   (She strongly disapproved of the decision.)
3. Många barn ogillar grönsaker.
   (Many children dislike vegetables.)

22. att pågå verb

To be in progress, to happen, or to continue over a period of time. It describes an action or event that is currently taking place or has been taking place.

Context: This verb is used to describe events, activities, or situations that are happening or have a duration. You might hear it in contexts like meetings ('mötet pågår'), construction projects ('bygget pågår'), or ongoing events ('festivalen pågår'). It emphasizes that something is not a single, instantaneous action but a process.

Examples:

1. Utredningen har pågått i flera månader.
   (The investigation has been going on for several months.)
2. Festen pågick hela natten.
   (The party went on all night.)
3. Vad är det som pågår här?
   (What is going on here?)

23. ett sammanträde noun

A formal gathering of a group of people, such as a board, committee, or assembly, to discuss and make decisions on official matters. It is more formal than a general 'möte' (meeting).

Context: Used primarily in professional, political, or organizational contexts. You would use 'sammanträde' for a board meeting, a parliamentary session, or a formal committee meeting, but not for a casual chat with colleagues. It implies a structured event with an agenda and often official minutes.

Examples:

1. Styrelsen kommer att ha ett sammanträde nästa vecka för att diskutera budgeten.
   (The board will have a meeting next week to discuss the budget.)
2. Protokollet från det senaste sammanträdet måste justeras innan det publiceras.
   (The minutes from the last session must be approved before they are published.)
3. Alla medlemmar är kallade till ett extra sammanträde på fredag.
   (All members are summoned to an extra meeting on Friday.)

24. ett tillfälle noun

A specific point in time, event, or situation, often one that is special or provides a chance to do something. It can mean 'occasion', 'opportunity', or 'instance'. The definite form is 'tillfället' and the plural is 'tillfällen'.

Context: Used to describe a specific event, like a party or celebration ('ett festligt tillfälle'). It's also very common when talking about a chance or an opening to do something ('ett bra tillfälle'). In more formal contexts, it can mean 'instance' or 'case'.

Examples:

1. Bröllopet var ett mycket speciellt tillfälle.
   (The wedding was a very special occasion.)
2. Det här är ett perfekt tillfälle att lära sig något nytt.
   (This is a perfect opportunity to learn something new.)
3. Jag har träffat honom vid ett tidigare tillfälle.
   (I have met him on a previous occasion.)

25. att undvika verb

To deliberately stay away from someone or something, or to prevent something from happening.

Context: Used when talking about deliberately staying away from people, places, situations, or topics. For instance, you might 'undvika' a crowded place if you dislike noise, 'undvika' a certain food due to an allergy, or 'undvika' a difficult conversation.

Examples:

1. Han försökte undvika att svara på den svåra frågan.
   (He tried to avoid answering the difficult question.)
2. För att undvika trafiken åkte vi tidigt på morgonen.
   (To avoid the traffic, we left early in the morning.)
3. Hon undviker att äta socker av hälsoskäl.
   (She avoids eating sugar for health reasons.)