Avancera Ord - Kapitel 4
1. ett ansvar noun
A duty or obligation to satisfactorily perform or complete a task that one must fulfill, and which has a consequent penalty for failure.
Context: The word 'ansvar' is used in a wide range of situations, from personal ethics to professional duties and legal obligations. It can refer to the responsibility for a task (e.g., at work), the moral responsibility for one's actions, or the legal liability for damages or mistakes. The definite form is 'ansvaret'.
Examples:
- Det är ditt ansvar att städa ditt rum.
(It is your responsibility to clean your room.) - Företaget tar fullt ansvar för sina produkter.
(The company takes full responsibility for its products.) - Vem har ansvaret för det här projektet?
(Who has the responsibility for this project?)
2. att avskeda verb
To officially end someone's employment; to fire or dismiss someone from a job, usually due to performance issues, misconduct, or redundancy.
Context: The word 'avskeda' is used in the context of employment and refers to the formal act of terminating someone's job. It's a more formal term than the colloquial 'sparka' (to kick/sack). You would see it in news articles about layoffs, in legal documents, or hear it in formal business settings.
Examples:
- Företaget var tvunget att avskeda femtio anställda på grund av den ekonomiska nedgången.
(The company had to dismiss fifty employees due to the economic downturn.) - Han blev avskedad på grund av grov misskötsel.
(He was fired for gross misconduct.) - Det är aldrig lätt att avskeda en lojal medarbetare.
(It is never easy to dismiss a loyal employee.)
3. att befinna verb
A reflexive verb (befinna sig) meaning to be in a certain place, location, or state; to find oneself somewhere or in a particular condition.
Context: The verb 'att befinna sig' is a more formal or literary way of saying 'to be' (att vara) when referring to a location or a state. It's commonly used in written language, news, and official contexts. It can describe both physical location and a state of being (e.g., a financial or emotional state).
Examples:
- Jag befinner mig just nu på centralstationen.
(I am currently at the central station.) - Företaget befinner sig i en svår ekonomisk situation.
(The company finds itself in a difficult financial situation.) - Var befinner du dig?
(Where are you located?)
4. belägen adjective
Located or situated; used to describe the physical position of a place, building, or object. It is the past participle of the verb 'belägga' but functions as an adjective.
Context: Commonly used in geography, real estate, and when giving directions to describe the location of places, such as cities, buildings, or natural features. It answers the question 'Where is it?'. Note that the word changes form based on the noun's gender and number: 'belägen' (for en-words), 'beläget' (for ett-words), and 'belägna' (for plural).
Examples:
- Staden är belägen i den södra delen av landet.
(The city is located in the southern part of the country.) - Huset är vackert beläget vid havet.
(The house is beautifully located by the sea.) - Öarna är belägna långt ute i skärgården.
(The islands are located far out in the archipelago.)
5. att beundra verb
To hold someone or something in high regard and respect; to look at with wonder, pleasure, and approval.
Context: This verb is used to express deep respect or appreciation for a person's qualities, achievements, or skills. It can also be used for admiring objects, art, or natural scenery.
Examples:
- Jag beundrar verkligen ditt mod.
(I really admire your courage.) - Många unga artister beundrar henne för hennes talang.
(Many young artists look up to her for her talent.) - Vi stannade för att beundra den vackra solnedgången.
(We stopped to admire the beautiful sunset.)
6. därmed adverb
An adverb used to indicate a direct consequence or result of something previously mentioned. It translates to 'thereby', 'thus', or 'with that'.
Context: Därmed is often used in more formal contexts to link a cause and its effect. It's similar to 'därför' (therefore), but 'därmed' often implies a more immediate and automatic consequence. For instance, if you state a fact or an action, 'därmed' introduces what logically and directly follows from it.
Examples:
- Han klarade provet och var därmed kvalificerad för jobbet.
(He passed the test and was thereby qualified for the job.) - Lagen ändrades, och därmed blev handlingen olaglig.
(The law was changed, and thus the act became illegal.) - Hon tackade nej till erbjudandet och därmed var saken utagerad.
(She declined the offer, and with that, the matter was settled.)
7. att ersätta verb
To put something or someone in the place of another; to substitute for, or to compensate for a loss or damage.
Context: The verb "att ersätta" is commonly used when talking about replacing an object that is old, broken, or lost. It's also used for substituting one thing for another, like an ingredient in a recipe. Furthermore, it can mean to compensate or reimburse someone for a loss or expense.
Examples:
- Vi måste ersätta det trasiga fönstret.
(We need to replace the broken window.) - Försäkringsbolaget kommer att ersätta dig för kostnaden.
(The insurance company will reimburse you for the cost.) - Ingenting kan ersätta en god vän.
(Nothing can replace a good friend.)
8. att förbättra verb
To make something better in quality, condition, or value; to enhance or amend.
Context: The verb 'att förbättra' is used broadly to describe the action of making something better, raising its quality, or developing it to a higher standard. It can be applied to personal skills (like language or sports), products, services, relationships, health, or situations. It's a very common and useful verb in both everyday conversation and more formal contexts like business or academics.
Examples:
- Jag vill förbättra min svenska.
(I want to improve my Swedish.) - Företaget arbetar ständigt med att förbättra sina produkter.
(The company is constantly working to improve its products.) - Vi måste förbättra kommunikationen i vårt team.
(We need to improve the communication within our team.)
9. en förekomst noun
The state or fact of existing, happening, or being found in a place; an instance or an occurrence of something.
Context: Used to describe the existence or presence of something in a particular place or situation. It's common in scientific, medical, or formal contexts, such as discussing the occurrence of a disease, the presence of a mineral in the ground, or an instance of a particular event in a dataset.
Examples:
- Förekomsten av guld i området är mycket låg.
(The occurrence of gold in the area is very low.) - Läkarna studerar förekomsten av sjukdomen i olika åldersgrupper.
(The doctors are studying the prevalence of the disease in different age groups.) - Detta är den enda kända förekomsten av ett sådant fenomen.
(This is the only known instance of such a phenomenon.)
10. att förhindra verb
To stop something from happening or to make an action or process difficult or impossible.
Context: The verb 'förhindra' is used to describe the action of stopping something from happening or making it difficult for something to occur. It can be used in a wide range of situations, from preventing accidents and crimes to hindering progress or plans. It implies a proactive measure to obstruct a potential outcome.
Examples:
- Polisen satte upp vägspärrar för att förhindra olyckor.
(The police set up roadblocks to prevent accidents.) - Dåligt väder förhindrade oss från att gå ut.
(Bad weather prevented us from going out.) - Vi måste göra allt vi kan för att förhindra en katastrof.
(We must do everything we can to prevent a disaster.)
11. att förtjäna verb
To be worthy of or have a right to something (good or bad) because of one's actions, character, or qualities.
Context: The verb 'att förtjäna' is used to express that someone is worthy of something, whether it's a positive outcome (like a reward or praise) or a negative one (like a punishment or criticism), based on their actions, qualities, or efforts. It carries a strong sense of fairness or justice, similar to 'to merit' or 'to be worthy of'.
Examples:
- Efter allt ditt hårda arbete förtjänar du verkligen en semester.
(After all your hard work, you really deserve a vacation.) - Han fick vad han förtjänade.
(He got what he deserved.) - Den här filmen förtjänar ett bättre betyg.
(This film deserves a better rating.)
12. att förväxla verb
To mistake one person or thing for another; to confuse or mix up.
Context: The verb "att förväxla" is used when someone mistakenly identifies one person, thing, or concept as another, often due to similarity. It's the equivalent of saying you've mixed something up or confused it with something else. For example, you might förväxla two similar-looking streets, two people who look alike (like twins), or two words with similar meanings or spellings.
Examples:
- Jag förväxlar alltid tvillingarna.
(I always mix up the twins.) - Det är lätt att förväxla orden 'affect' och 'effect'.
(It's easy to confuse the words 'affect' and 'effect'.) - Han förväxlade min vänlighet med svaghet.
(He confused my kindness with weakness.)
13. att inse verb
To come to understand or become aware of something; to grasp a fact or situation, often suddenly.
Context: The verb 'att inse' describes the mental process of coming to a sudden understanding or awareness. It's that 'aha!' moment when a fact or the truth of a situation becomes clear to you. It's often used for significant realizations, like understanding a mistake, grasping the gravity of a situation, or accepting a personal truth.
Examples:
- Jag insåg till slut att jag hade fel.
(I finally realized that I was wrong.) - Det var först då han insåg allvaret i situationen.
(It was only then that he realized the seriousness of the situation.) - Inser du hur mycket jobb det här kräver?
(Do you realize how much work this requires?)
14. att inträffa verb
To take place, occur, or happen, especially in reference to an event, incident, or change. It often implies a specific point in time or a scheduled occurrence.
Context: The verb "att inträffa" is a more formal or official synonym for "att hända" (to happen). It is commonly used in news reports, official announcements, and when discussing significant events, accidents, or natural phenomena. While "hända" is used in everyday conversation, "inträffa" lends a more serious or scheduled tone to the event.
Examples:
- När inträffade olyckan?
(When did the accident occur?) - Mötet kommer att inträffa på fredag.
(The meeting will take place on Friday.) - Något sådant har aldrig tidigare inträffat.
(Such a thing has never happened before.)
15. medveten adjective
Having knowledge or perception of a situation, fact, or one's own existence and thoughts.
Context: The word 'medveten' is used to describe a state of awareness or consciousness about something. It's often followed by the preposition 'om' (about/of). For example, 'medveten om problemet' (aware of the problem). It changes form based on the noun it describes: 'medveten' for en-words, 'medvetet' for ett-words, and 'medvetna' for plural nouns. For instance, 'en medveten person' (a conscious person), 'ett medvetet val' (a conscious choice), 'medvetna konsumenter' (conscious consumers).
Examples:
- Jag är medveten om riskerna.
(I am aware of the risks involved.) - Det var ett medvetet val att flytta till en mindre stad.
(It was a conscious choice to move to a smaller city.) - Är du medveten om att mötet har ställts in?
(Are you aware that the meeting has been cancelled?)
16. nedanstående adjective
Refers to something that is listed, written, or mentioned further down on the same page or in the same document. It's a formal way to direct the reader's attention to what follows.
Context: This word is commonly used in formal, written Swedish, such as in official documents, instructions, emails, and academic papers. It serves to direct the reader to information, a list, or a question that appears immediately after.
Examples:
- Vänligen besvara nedanstående frågor.
(Please answer the following questions.) - För mer information, se nedanstående kontaktuppgifter.
(For more information, see the contact details below.) - Resultaten presenteras i nedanstående tabell.
(The results are presented in the table below.)
17. ogiltig adjective
Not valid, no longer in effect, or not legally or officially acceptable.
Context: The word 'ogiltig' is used to describe something that has lost its validity or was never valid in the first place. Common contexts include tickets (a train ticket that has expired), documents (an old passport), codes (an incorrect password), or votes (a spoiled ballot).
Examples:
- Din biljett är tyvärr ogiltig eftersom den har gått ut.
(Your ticket is unfortunately invalid because it has expired.) - Lösenordet du angav är ogiltigt.
(The password you entered is invalid.) - Valförrättaren förklarade röstsedeln ogiltig.
(The election official declared the ballot void.)
18. ojämn adjective
Not smooth, level, or consistent; irregular or bumpy. The opposite of 'jämn' (even, smooth).
Context: Used to describe physical surfaces that are not flat or smooth, like a bumpy road or rough ground. It can also be used metaphorically to describe something that is inconsistent or irregular, such as a person's performance, a team's results, or the distribution of resources.
Examples:
- Vägen till stugan var väldigt ojämn och full av gropar.
(The road to the cabin was very uneven and full of potholes.) - Lagets prestation har varit ojämn den här säsongen.
(The team's performance has been uneven this season.) - Det var en ojämn kamp, men den mindre hunden vann.
(It was an uneven fight, but the smaller dog won.)
19. omfattande adjective
Describing something that is large in scope, scale, or content; covering a wide area or a large number of items.
Context: This adjective is frequently used to describe things that are large in scale or scope, such as reports, studies, damage, reforms, or knowledge. It implies thoroughness and a wide reach.
Examples:
- Branden orsakade omfattande skador på byggnaden.
(The fire caused extensive damage to the building.) - De genomförde en omfattande studie om klimatförändringar.
(They conducted a comprehensive study on climate change.) - Hon har en omfattande kunskap om svensk historia.
(She has an extensive knowledge of Swedish history.)
20. att påstå verb
To state something as a fact, often without providing complete evidence; to claim, assert, or allege.
Context: The verb 'att påstå' is used when someone states something as true, but it might be open to question or lacks definitive proof. It's common in debates, legal settings, or everyday conversations where someone is making a strong but potentially unverified statement. It carries a similar weight to the English 'to claim' or 'to assert'.
Examples:
- Han påstår att han såg ett UFO.
(He claims that he saw a UFO.) - Du kan inte bara påstå något utan bevis.
(You can't just claim something without evidence.) - Företaget påstod att deras produkt var den bästa på marknaden.
(The company asserted that their product was the best on the market.)
21. ett tillstånd noun
A dual-meaning noun. It can refer to a 'state' or 'condition' (e.g., of health, mind, or an object). It can also mean 'permission' or a 'permit' (an official document allowing something).
Context: This word has two primary contexts. 1. Describing a state or condition: You might talk about a person's 'medicinskt tillstånd' (medical condition) or a building being 'i dåligt tillstånd' (in poor condition). 2. Requesting or having permission: This is common in legal or official settings, such as needing a 'bygglovstillstånd' (building permit) or asking for 'tillstånd' (permission) to do something.
Examples:
- Patientens tillstånd är stabilt efter operationen.
(The patient's condition is stable after the surgery.) - Du behöver ett särskilt tillstånd för att bygga ett garage på din tomt.
(You need a special permit to build a garage on your property.) - Huset var i ett fruktansvärt tillstånd när vi köpte det.
(The house was in a terrible state when we bought it.)
22. att uppfatta verb
To perceive something with the senses, or to understand, interpret, or grasp the meaning of something.
Context: The verb 'att uppfatta' has two main meanings. The first relates to sensory perception, meaning to become aware of something through your senses, like seeing or hearing. It's more about the brain processing the signal than just the raw input. The second meaning is about mental comprehension or interpretation, similar to 'to understand', 'to interpret', or 'to construe'. For example, you can 'uppfatta' a situation in a certain way, or 'uppfatta' what someone means.
Examples:
- Det var svårt att uppfatta vad han sa i bullret.
(It was difficult to perceive what he was saying over the noise.) - Hur uppfattade du situationen?
(How did you interpret the situation?) - Jag uppfattar honom som en mycket ärlig person.
(I perceive him as a very honest person.)
23. att uppträda verb
To perform for an audience, such as on a stage; or to act or behave in a certain way.
Context: The word 'uppträda' has two primary meanings. The first and most common is in the context of performance, such as acting in a play, singing in a concert, or dancing on stage. The second meaning relates to one's behavior or conduct, describing how a person acts or presents themselves in a social situation, often modified by an adverb (e.g., 'uppträda professionellt' - to act professionally, 'uppträda hotfullt' - to act threateningly).
Examples:
- Bandet kommer att uppträda på festivalen i sommar.
(The band will perform at the festival this summer.) - Han uppträdde mycket konstigt under mötet.
(He behaved very strangely during the meeting.) - Det är viktigt att uppträda professionellt på jobbet.
(It is important to act professionally at work.)
24. ett utrymme noun
An available area or volume; a space. It can be used for both physical space (like storage space) and figurative space (like room for improvement or personal space). It is distinct from 'ett rum', which means a room in a building.
Context: This word is used to describe both physical and abstract space. Physically, it can refer to storage space ('förvaringsutrymme'), the space inside a vehicle ('bagageutrymme'), or just an empty area. Figuratively, it's used to talk about 'room for improvement' ('utrymme för förbättring'), personal space, or the scope for action.
Examples:
- Det finns inte tillräckligt med utrymme i garderoben för alla mina kläder.
(There isn't enough space in the wardrobe for all my clothes.) - Projektplanen lämnar inget utrymme för förseningar.
(The project plan leaves no room for delays.) - Vi behöver skapa mer öppet utrymme på kontoret.
(We need to create more open space in the office.)
25. åtskillig adjective
A large or significant amount or degree; considerable, substantial. It often implies a noticeable difference or separation in quantity.
Context: Used to describe a large, significant, or noteworthy quantity, amount, or degree. It's somewhat more formal than 'mycket' (much/a lot). The plural form is 'åtskilliga' for countable nouns.
Examples:
- Det krävdes åtskillig ansträngning för att slutföra projektet.
(Considerable effort was required to complete the project.) - Han äger åtskilliga fastigheter i staden.
(He owns a considerable number of properties in the city.) - Det är åtskillig skillnad mellan de två modellerna.
(There is a considerable difference between the two models.)