Avancera Ord - Kapitel 3

1. ett angrepp noun

An act of aggression or a hostile action against a person, group, or country; a physical or verbal assault.

Context: Used in various contexts, including military (an attack on a country), sports (an offensive move), personal interactions (a verbal assault or criticism), and digital security (a cyberattack). It can also refer to a sudden onset of an illness, like an asthma attack (astmaangrepp).

Examples:

1. Fienden inledde ett angrepp i gryningen.
   (The enemy launched an attack at dawn.)
2. Hans tal var ett direkt angrepp på regeringens politik.
   (His speech was a direct attack on the government's policy.)
3. Laget förberedde sig för ett sista angrepp mot motståndarnas mål.
   (The team prepared for a final assault on the opponents' goal.)

2. att anlända verb

To arrive at a place, especially at the end of a journey.

Context: The verb 'att anlända' is used to describe the action of reaching a destination. It's often used in the context of travel, such as trains, planes, or people arriving at a specific place. It can feel slightly more formal than its common synonym 'att komma fram' (to get there/arrive). You'll frequently see it on timetables and in travel announcements.

Examples:

1. Tåget förväntas anlända till centralstationen klockan 15.
   (The train is expected to arrive at the central station at 3 PM.)
2. Vi anlände till hotellet sent på kvällen.
   (We arrived at the hotel late in the evening.)
3. När kommer paketet att anlända?
   (When will the package arrive?)

3. att avvakta verb

To wait for something to happen or for a decision to be made before acting; to hold off or bide one's time.

Context: The verb 'att avvakta' is often used in situations where one is deliberately waiting for more information, a specific event, or a decision before taking action. It's a bit more formal than the common verb 'att vänta' (to wait) and implies a sense of holding back or pending further developments. You'll often hear it in news reports, business contexts, or when discussing official procedures, like waiting for test results or a legal ruling.

Examples:

1. Vi måste avvakta läkarens beslut innan vi vet mer.
   (We have to await the doctor's decision before we know more.)
2. Investerarna väljer att avvakta och se hur marknaden utvecklas.
   (The investors are choosing to wait and see how the market develops.)
3. Låt oss avvakta och se vad som händer imorgon.
   (Let's wait and see what happens tomorrow.)

4. att behandla verb

To treat, handle, or process something or someone. This can be in a medical sense, a social sense, or an administrative/procedural sense.

Context: The word 'behandla' is versatile and its meaning shifts significantly with context. It can refer to medical treatment (treating an illness), interpersonal interaction (treating someone with respect), administrative procedures (processing an application), or handling a subject (a book that deals with a topic).

Examples:

1. Läkaren kommer att behandla din skada.
   (The doctor will treat your injury.)
2. Du måste behandla andra med respekt.
   (You must treat others with respect.)
3. Myndigheten behandlar din ansökan.
   (The authority is processing your application.)

5. ett behov noun

A state of requiring or desiring something that is lacking; a necessity or a requirement. The word 'ett' before it signifies that it is a neuter noun.

Context: Used to describe a fundamental requirement, whether it's a basic human necessity like food or shelter, an emotional need like love and security, or a practical requirement for a project or situation. It can range from personal feelings to formal, objective criteria.

Examples:

1. Barn har ett grundläggande behov av kärlek och trygghet.
   (Children have a fundamental need for love and security.)
2. Det finns ett stort behov av fler lärare i skolan.
   (There is a great need for more teachers in the school.)
3. Jag känner ett starkt behov av att vara ensam ett tag.
   (I feel a strong need to be alone for a while.)

6. ett bekymmer noun

A worry, a concern, or a trouble. It refers to something that causes mental distress, anxiety, or difficulty.

Context: This word is used to describe both minor worries and more significant problems. You might hear it when someone is discussing personal challenges, financial difficulties, or health issues. The plural form is also 'bekymmer' (e.g., 'många bekymmer' - many worries).

Examples:

1. Det är inget stort bekymmer.
   (It's not a big worry.)
2. Hans största bekymmer var att han skulle komma för sent.
   (His biggest concern was that he would be late.)
3. Gör dig inga bekymmer för det.
   (Don't you worry about it.)

7. ett biträde noun

A person who helps or assists someone, especially in a shop, office, or legal capacity. It's a general term for an assistant, clerk, or aide.

Context: This word is often used in professional or retail settings. For example, a 'butiksbiträde' is a shop assistant, and a 'juridiskt biträde' is a legal assistant or counsel. It generally refers to someone in a supporting role.

Examples:

1. Jag frågade ett biträde om hjälp i affären.
   (I asked an assistant for help in the store.)
2. Advokaten hade ett juridiskt biträde som hjälpte till med fallet.
   (The lawyer had a legal assistant who helped with the case.)
3. Hon arbetar som biträde på ett kontor.
   (She works as an assistant in an office.)

8. efterhand adverb

Describes something that happens gradually over time, or at a later stage; little by little or subsequently.

Context: Efterhand is used to describe a process or change that occurs over time, not all at once. It can mean 'gradually,' 'little by little,' or 'subsequently.' It's also used when referring to something that becomes clear or is done later, after the initial event.

Examples:

1. Jag lärde mig svenska efterhand.
   (I learned Swedish gradually.)
2. Detaljerna blev kända efterhand.
   (The details became known afterwards.)
3. Efterhand som kvällen gick blev han allt tröttare.
   (As the evening went on, he became more and more tired.)

9. enskild adjective

An adjective meaning private, individual, separate, or single. It is used to describe something that is distinct from a group, belongs to one person, or is confidential.

Context: The word 'enskild' is versatile. It can refer to privacy, as in 'ett enskilt rum' (a private room). It can also emphasize individuality, as in 'varje enskild person' (each individual person), meaning each person considered separately. In a business context, 'enskild firma' means a sole proprietorship, a business owned and run by one individual.

Examples:

1. Vi behöver ha ett enskilt samtal om detta.
   (We need to have a private conversation about this.)
2. Varje enskild medarbetare ansvarar för sin egen utrustning.
   (Each individual employee is responsible for their own equipment.)
3. Detta var en enskild händelse som inte representerar hela företaget.
   (This was an isolated incident that does not represent the entire company.)

10. en framgång noun

The favorable or prosperous termination of attempts or endeavors; the accomplishment of one's goals. It refers to a positive outcome or achievement.

Context: Used broadly to describe a positive outcome in various fields such as business, personal life, sports, or the arts. It can refer to a successful project, a company's prosperity, personal achievements, or a team's victory.

Examples:

1. Företagets senaste produktlansering var en stor framgång.
   (The company's latest product launch was a great success.)
2. Hennes hårda arbete ledde till stor framgång i karriären.
   (Her hard work led to great success in her career.)
3. Vi önskar dig all framgång i framtiden.
   (We wish you every success in the future.)

11. att föreslå verb

To put forward an idea or plan for consideration or discussion by others.

Context: The verb 'att föreslå' is used when someone puts forward an idea, a plan, or a course of action for others to consider. It can be used in both formal and informal settings, from suggesting a restaurant for dinner to proposing a new law in parliament.

Examples:

1. Jag föreslår att vi tar en paus nu.
   (I suggest that we take a break now.)
2. Kommittén föreslog en ny lösning på problemet.
   (The committee proposed a new solution to the problem.)
3. Vad föreslår du att vi gör i helgen?
   (What do you suggest we do this weekend?)

12. ett företag noun

A company, business, or enterprise. It refers to an organization engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities.

Context: The word 'företag' is a fundamental term in business, economics, and everyday conversations about employment or commerce. It can refer to any type of commercial entity, from a small local business to a large multinational corporation.

Examples:

1. Han startade ett eget företag förra året.
   (He started his own company last year.)
2. Jag jobbar på ett stort internationellt företag.
   (I work for a large international company.)
3. Företaget söker nya anställda.
   (The company is looking for new employees.)

13. att förfölja verb

To follow or chase someone or something, often in a persistent and unwelcome manner (to stalk, to persecute). It can also mean to actively strive for or seek to attain a goal or an ambition (to pursue).

Context: This verb has two main contexts. The most common is negative, describing the act of stalking a person, or persecuting a group for their beliefs or identity. A less common, more neutral context is the pursuit of an ambition or a dream, similar to 'pursuing a career'.

Examples:

1. Han anklagades för att ha förföljt sin före detta flickvän.
   (He was accused of having stalked his ex-girlfriend.)
2. De förföljdes av regimen på grund av sina politiska åsikter.
   (They were persecuted by the regime because of their political views.)
3. Hon bestämde sig för att förfölja sin dröm om att bli pilot.
   (She decided to pursue her dream of becoming a pilot.)

14. att förneka verb

To state that something declared or believed to be true is not the case; to refuse to acknowledge or accept something.

Context: Used to express refusal to accept or admit something as true or real. It can be used in various situations, from legal proceedings (denying an accusation) to personal relationships (denying one's feelings) or factual discussions (denying a scientific fact).

Examples:

1. Han förnekade alla anklagelser mot honom.
   (He denied all accusations against him.)
2. Du kan inte förneka att det är en svår situation.
   (You can't deny that it's a difficult situation.)
3. Att förneka sina känslor gör bara saken värre.
   (To deny one's feelings only makes things worse.)

15. att förorsaka verb

To be the cause of something, often something negative or undesirable; to bring about or give rise to.

Context: A more formal or literary synonym for "att orsaka" (to cause). It is often used in contexts involving damage, accidents, or significant negative consequences, carrying a slightly stronger sense of direct responsibility or fault.

Examples:

1. Stormen förorsakade stora skador på husen.
   (The storm caused extensive damage to the houses.)
2. Hans slarv förorsakade olyckan.
   (His carelessness brought about the accident.)
3. Den felaktiga elledningen förorsakade branden.
   (The faulty wiring caused the fire.)

16. att försörja verb

To provide someone (including oneself) with the necessities of life, such as money, food, and housing; to support financially.

Context: The word 'att försörja' is primarily used in the context of economics and family life. It describes the act of earning enough money to cover the living expenses (food, housing, clothing, etc.) for oneself or for others, such as one's family or children. It carries a sense of responsibility and sustenance.

Examples:

1. Han har två jobb för att försörja sin familj.
   (He works two jobs to provide for his family.)
2. Det kan vara svårt att försörja sig som frilansskribent.
   (It can be difficult to support oneself as a freelance writer.)
3. Staten har ett ansvar att försörja sina medborgare i nöd.
   (The state has a responsibility to provide for its citizens in need.)

17. gemensam adjective

Describes something that is shared by, belongs to, or is done by two or more people or groups together; mutual or collective.

Context: Used to describe shared interests, mutual friends, common goals, or joint property. For example, you can talk about a 'gemensam vän' (a mutual friend) or a 'gemensam ekonomi' (a joint economy). It emphasizes the collective or shared nature of something.

Examples:

1. Vi har en gemensam passion för musik.
   (We have a common passion for music.)
2. De fattade ett gemensamt beslut att flytta.
   (They made a joint decision to move.)
3. Köket och badrummet är gemensamma för alla hyresgäster.
   (The kitchen and the bathroom are shared by all tenants.)

18. en omständighet noun

A fact or condition connected with or relevant to an event or action; a detail of a particular situation.

Context: Used to describe the specific conditions, facts, or details surrounding an event, situation, or legal case. It's often used in formal language. Common phrases include 'under rådande omständigheter' (under the prevailing circumstances) and 'förmildrande omständigheter' (mitigating/extenuating circumstances).

Examples:

1. Under rådande omständigheter kan vi inte fortsätta med projektet.
   (Under the prevailing circumstances, we cannot continue with the project.)
2. Domstolen tog hänsyn till alla omständigheter i fallet.
   (The court took all the circumstances of the case into consideration.)
3. Det var en förmildrande omständighet att han agerade i självförsvar.
   (It was a mitigating circumstance that he acted in self-defense.)

19. att tillbringa verb

To spend or pass time, usually for a significant duration and often in a particular place or manner. It is exclusively used for time, not money.

Context: Used to describe how one spends a period of time, such as a vacation, a weekend, or an evening. It's about the allocation and experience of time, often in a specific place or engaged in a particular activity.

Examples:

1. Vi ska tillbringa sommaren på landet.
   (We are going to spend the summer at our country house.)
2. Han tillbringade hela dagen i sängen.
   (He spent the whole day in bed.)
3. Hur föredrar du att tillbringa din fritid?
   (How do you prefer to spend your free time?)

20. att underskatta verb

To estimate something (such as a value, quantity, or importance) as being lower than it really is; to fail to appreciate the full extent or strength of someone or something.

Context: The verb 'att underskatta' is used when you misjudge something or someone to be less significant, capable, or valuable than they actually are. It's common in contexts like sports (underestimating an opponent), project management (underestimating the time or resources needed), or personal judgment (underestimating a person's abilities or the importance of an issue).

Examples:

1. Du ska aldrig underskatta din motståndare.
   (You should never underestimate your opponent.)
2. Jag tror att vi underskattade hur mycket tid projektet skulle ta.
   (I think we underestimated how much time the project would take.)
3. Underskatta inte vikten av regelbunden motion.
   (Don't underestimate the importance of regular exercise.)

21. att undgå verb

To successfully avoid, elude, or escape something, often a danger, a consequence, or being noticed.

Context: The verb 'att undgå' is used when someone or something manages to get away from, or not be affected by, something negative or inevitable. It's often used in contexts of evading capture, avoiding punishment, or when something is so obvious it cannot be missed ('it cannot have escaped your notice'). It carries a slightly more formal or serious tone than the more common 'att undvika' (to avoid).

Examples:

1. Tjuven lyckades undgå polisen.
   (The thief managed to evade the police.)
2. Det kan inte ha undgått dig att företaget har problem.
   (It can't have escaped your notice that the company is in trouble.)
3. Han gjorde allt för att undgå straff.
   (He did everything to escape punishment.)

22. att upprepa verb

To say, do, or perform something more than once.

Context: The verb 'att upprepa' is commonly used when you don't hear or understand what someone said and want them to say it again. It's also frequently used in the context of learning, such as repeating a word or phrase to memorize it, or in music to repeat a passage. More broadly, it can refer to repeating any action, often with the implication of avoiding a past mistake.

Examples:

1. Kan du upprepa det, tack? Jag hörde inte dig.
   (Could you repeat that, please? I didn't hear you.)
2. Läraren bad eleverna att upprepa meningen efter henne.
   (The teacher asked the students to repeat the sentence after her.)
3. Historien har en tendens att upprepa sig.
   (History has a tendency to repeat itself.)

23. att utnyttja verb

To make use of something or someone, often for one's own benefit. It can have a neutral meaning like 'utilize' or a negative one like 'exploit'.

Context: The verb 'att utnyttja' has a dual meaning. It can be used neutrally, similar to 'to utilize' or 'to make use of', when referring to resources, opportunities, or skills. However, it often carries a negative connotation, meaning 'to exploit' or 'to take unfair advantage of', especially when used in the context of people or situations.

Examples:

1. Vi måste utnyttja resurserna på ett bättre sätt.
   (We must utilize the resources in a better way.)
2. Hon utnyttjade chansen att studera utomlands.
   (She took advantage of the opportunity to study abroad.)
3. Företaget anklagades för att utnyttja sina anställda.
   (The company was accused of exploiting its employees.)

24. en åsikt noun

A belief, judgment, or viewpoint about something. It represents a person's personal thoughts or feelings on a matter. The definite form is 'åsikten' and the plural is 'åsikter'.

Context: The word 'åsikt' is very common and used whenever you want to express or ask for someone's thoughts or beliefs on a subject. It's frequently used in discussions, debates, reviews, and everyday conversations. Common phrases include 'enligt min åsikt' (in my opinion) and 'ha en åsikt' (to have an opinion).

Examples:

1. Vad är din åsikt om den nya lagen?
   (What is your opinion on the new law?)
2. Enligt min åsikt är det en dålig idé.
   (In my opinion, it's a bad idea.)
3. Alla har rätt till sin egen åsikt.
   (Everyone is entitled to their own opinion.)

25. att överraska verb

To do something unexpected that causes someone to feel surprised. It can also mean to catch someone off guard or to happen without warning.

Context: The verb "att överraska" is used when something unexpected happens, causing a feeling of surprise. It can be used in positive contexts, like planning a surprise party or giving an unexpected gift, as well as in neutral or negative contexts, such as being surprised by a sudden turn of events or an unforeseen problem.

Examples:

1. Vi ska överraska henne med en fest på hennes födelsedag.
   (We are going to surprise her with a party on her birthday.)
2. Nyheten överraskade hela familjen.
   (The news surprised the entire family.)
3. Han lyckades överraska motståndaren med en snabb attack.
   (He managed to surprise the opponent with a quick attack.)