Avancera Ord - Kapitel 9
1. angelägen adjective
Describes a strong desire or need for something to happen. It can refer to a person who is keen or eager to do something, or to a matter that is considered important or urgent.
Context: This word has two primary uses. First, to describe a person's state of mind, meaning they are very eager, keen, or sometimes anxious for something to happen or to do something. For example, 'Jag är angelägen om att träffa dig' (I am eager to meet you). Second, it can describe a topic, issue, or task as being important, pressing, or urgent. For example, 'Detta är en angelägen reform' (This is an important/urgent reform).
Examples:
- Han var mycket angelägen om att få veta resultatet.
(He was very eager to know the result.) - Det är en angelägen fråga som vi måste diskutera omedelbart.
(It is an urgent matter that we must discuss immediately.) - Regeringen är angelägen om att förbättra skolorna.
(The government is keen on improving the schools.)
2. att anteckna verb
To write something down in a brief or informal way in order to remember it; to make a note of something.
Context: The verb 'att anteckna' is used when you write something down, often quickly, to help you remember it. It's commonly used in contexts like meetings, lectures, or when receiving information you need to recall later, such as a phone number or an address.
Examples:
- Studenterna antecknade flitigt under föreläsningen.
(The students took diligent notes during the lecture.) - Jag måste anteckna det här så att jag inte glömmer.
(I need to note this down so I don't forget.) - Kan du anteckna hans telefonnummer åt mig?
(Can you jot down his phone number for me?)
3. att avlida verb
To cease living. This is a more formal and respectful term for 'to die', similar to 'to pass away' in English.
Context: Used in formal contexts like news reports, official announcements, and in healthcare. It is a respectful way to talk about someone's death, often preferred over the more direct word 'dö'.
Examples:
- Min farfar avled förra året.
(My grandfather passed away last year.) - Patienten avled tyvärr under natten.
(The patient unfortunately died during the night.) - Hon avled efter en lång tids sjukdom.
(She passed away after a long illness.)
4. att avstå verb
To voluntarily decide not to do, have, or accept something; to refrain from, abstain from, or waive.
Context: The verb 'att avstå' is used when someone voluntarily chooses not to do something, take something, or use something they are entitled to. It's common in formal contexts like legal matters (waiving a right, 'avstå från sin rätt') or politics (abstaining from a vote, 'avstå från att rösta'), but also in everyday life when refraining from something, like abstaining from alcohol or sweets ('avstå från alkohol').
Examples:
- Jag valde att avstå från att rösta i det senaste valet.
(I chose to abstain from voting in the last election.) - Han bestämde sig för att avstå från sin rätt till arvet.
(He decided to waive his right to the inheritance.) - Av hälsoskäl måste hon avstå från att äta socker.
(For health reasons, she has to refrain from eating sugar.)
5. begagnad adjective
Describes an item that has been previously owned and used by someone else; the direct equivalent of 'used' or 'second-hand'. It is the past participle of the verb 'att begagna' (to use).
Context: This word is extremely common when buying or selling items that are not new, such as cars, furniture, clothes, and books. You will see it frequently in classified ads, online marketplaces (like the Swedish site Blocket), and at flea markets ('loppis'). It is the standard term for 'second-hand'.
Examples:
- Jag köpte en begagnad bil förra veckan.
(I bought a used car last week.) - Den här soffan är begagnad, men den är i gott skick.
(This sofa is second-hand, but it's in good condition.) - Det är ofta billigare att köpa begagnade böcker.
(It's often cheaper to buy used books.)
6. ett begrepp noun
A concept, a notion, or a term. It refers to an abstract idea or a way of understanding something.
Context: The word 'begrepp' is frequently used in academic, intellectual, and formal discussions. It's the go-to word when you want to talk about a specific concept, theory, or abstract idea within a particular field, like science, philosophy, or art. It can also be used more colloquially to mean 'idea' or 'understanding', as in 'att inte ha något begrepp om något' (to have no idea about something).
Examples:
- Demokrati är ett komplext begrepp med många olika tolkningar.
(Democracy is a complex concept with many different interpretations.) - För att förstå teorin måste du först lära dig de grundläggande begreppen.
(To understand the theory, you must first learn the basic concepts.) - Jag har inget begrepp om vad du pratar om.
(I have no idea (conception) of what you're talking about.)
7. en bestämmelse noun
A formal rule, regulation, or provision, often found in a law, contract, or agreement. It specifies a condition or requirement that must be followed.
Context: This word is commonly used in formal and legal contexts, such as in laws, contracts, treaties, and official regulations. It refers to a specific rule, clause, or stipulation within a larger set of guidelines.
Examples:
- Enligt avtalets bestämmelser måste betalning ske inom 30 dagar.
(According to the provisions of the contract, payment must be made within 30 days.) - Det finns en särskild bestämmelse i lagen som skyddar konsumenter.
(There is a special provision in the law that protects consumers.) - Alla deltagare måste följa tävlingens bestämmelser.
(All participants must follow the competition's regulations.)
8. beträffande preposition
A preposition used to introduce a topic or subject, equivalent to the English 'regarding', 'concerning', or 'with respect to'. It is generally more formal than 'om' (about).
Context: This word is typically used in formal contexts such as official documents, business correspondence, emails, and academic writing. It serves to specify the subject being discussed, similar to starting a sentence with 'As for...' or 'With regard to...'.
Examples:
- Beträffande din fråga har vi inget svar för tillfället.
(Regarding your question, we do not have an answer at the moment.) - Jag skriver till er beträffande jobbannonsen.
(I am writing to you concerning the job advertisement.) - Det finns nya regler beträffande dataskydd.
(There are new regulations regarding data protection.)
9. en bilaga noun
A document, file, or other item that is added or attached to a main document, email, or publication. It serves as a supplement, appendix, or enclosure.
Context: The word 'bilaga' is most commonly used in the context of emails to refer to an attached file ('email attachment'). It is also used in formal writing, such as reports or academic papers, where it means 'appendix' or 'supplementary material'. Additionally, it can refer to a supplement or insert in a newspaper or magazine.
Examples:
- Jag har skickat rapporten som en bilaga i mejlet.
(I have sent the report as an attachment in the email.) - Mer detaljerad statistik finns i bilaga A.
(More detailed statistics can be found in appendix A.) - Dagens tidning har en speciell bilaga om resor.
(Today's newspaper has a special supplement about travel.)
10. att framhålla verb
To emphasize, stress, or highlight something, often in speech or writing, to make it stand out or seem particularly important. It's about singling something out for special consideration.
Context: The verb 'att framhålla' is commonly used in more formal contexts such as presentations, academic texts, reports, and official statements. It's the action of deliberately drawing attention to a particular point, fact, or quality to underscore its importance.
Examples:
- Talaren ville framhålla vikten av lagarbete.
(The speaker wanted to emphasize the importance of teamwork.) - I rapporten framhålls det att riskerna har minskat.
(In the report, it is highlighted that the risks have decreased.) - Hon var noga med att alltid framhålla hans positiva egenskaper.
(She always made a point of highlighting his positive qualities.)
11. att förefalla verb
To give a certain impression or to appear to have a certain quality; to seem.
Context: The verb 'att förefalla' is a more formal equivalent of 'att verka' (to seem) or 'att se ut som' (to look like). It's often used in written language, formal speech, or when expressing a considered, yet subjective, judgment about a situation, person, or object. It conveys an impression based on observation rather than a confirmed fact.
Examples:
- Förklaringen förefaller rimlig.
(The explanation seems plausible.) - Det förefaller som om vi har gjort ett misstag.
(It appears as if we have made a mistake.) - Hon föreföll oberörd av nyheten.
(She appeared unaffected by the news.)
12. ett förtryck noun
The unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power, often involving the denial of rights and freedoms to a person or group.
Context: This word is used in serious contexts, typically related to politics, history, and social justice. It describes situations where a government, regime, or dominant group systematically mistreats a population or a minority group, such as in dictatorships, colonial rule, or discussions about human rights violations.
Examples:
- Historien är full av exempel på politiskt förtryck.
(History is full of examples of political oppression.) - Folket reste sig mot förtrycket från den auktoritära regimen.
(The people rose up against the oppression from the authoritarian regime.) - Många kämpar för att få ett slut på förtrycket av minoriteter.
(Many are fighting to put an end to the oppression of minorities.)
13. att förvara verb
To keep or store something in a particular place, often for safekeeping or future use.
Context: The verb 'förvara' is commonly used when talking about putting items away for safekeeping or for later use. This can range from storing food in the fridge or pantry, keeping clothes in a wardrobe, putting valuables in a safe, or even storing digital files on a hard drive.
Examples:
- Du bör förvara mjölken i kylskåpet.
(You should store the milk in the refrigerator.) - Jag förvarar mina smycken i ett kassaskåp.
(I keep my jewelry in a safe.) - Var kan jag förvara min resväska under besöket?
(Where can I store my suitcase during the visit?)
14. genomgående adjective
An adjective meaning consistent, thorough, or pervasive. It describes a feature or quality that is present from beginning to end without significant variation or exception.
Context: The word 'genomgående' is used to describe something that is consistent, pervasive, or applies throughout an entire entity, process, or period. It's often used to describe a theme in a work of art, a characteristic of a person or object, or a quality that is consistently present. For example, you might talk about a 'genomgående tema' (consistent theme) in a book, or 'genomgående hög kvalitet' (consistently high quality) in a product line.
Examples:
- Ett genomgående tema i filmen är vänskapens betydelse.
(A consistent theme in the movie is the importance of friendship.) - Kvaliteten på deras produkter är genomgående hög.
(The quality of their products is consistently high.) - Det finns en genomgående brist på resurser i hela projektet.
(There is a general lack of resources throughout the project.)
15. att infinna verb
To appear, show up, or present oneself at a particular place, usually at a predetermined time.
Context: The verb 'att infinna sig' is a reflexive verb, meaning it's almost always used with 'sig'. It's somewhat formal and is often used in official or scheduled contexts, such as appearing in court, at a meeting, or for a specific event. It implies arriving at a designated place at a required time.
Examples:
- Vittnet beordrades att infinna sig i rätten på måndag.
(The witness was ordered to appear in court on Monday.) - Du måste infinna dig i receptionen vid ankomst.
(You must report to the reception desk upon arrival.) - Ett lugn infann sig efter stormen.
(A sense of calm set in after the storm.)
16. inhemsk adjective
Relating to or originating from one's own country; not foreign. It can refer to products, species, policies, or tourism within a country's borders.
Context: This word is often used in contrast to 'utländsk' (foreign). You'll see it in discussions about economics (inhemsk marknad - domestic market), politics (inhemsk politik - domestic policy), biology (inhemska arter - native species), and travel (inhemsk turism - domestic tourism).
Examples:
- Regeringen vill främja inhemsk produktion för att stärka ekonomin.
(The government wants to promote domestic production to strengthen the economy.) - Många svenskar valde att semestra inom landet, vilket gynnade den inhemska turismen.
(Many Swedes chose to vacation within the country, which benefited domestic tourism.) - Ekorren är en inhemsk art i de svenska skogarna.
(The squirrel is a native species in the Swedish forests.)
17. en insats noun
An effort or contribution made towards a specific goal. It can also refer to a police/military operation, a stake in a game, or a physical insert (e.g., in cookware).
Context: The word 'insats' is versatile. It's most often used to mean an 'effort' or 'contribution' towards a common goal, like in a project or a rescue mission. In news and official contexts, it frequently refers to a police or military 'operation'. It can also mean the 'stake' in a game or bet, or a physical 'insert', such as a steamer basket for a pot.
Examples:
- Tack för din insats, den var ovärderlig.
(Thank you for your contribution, it was invaluable.) - Polisen genomförde en stor insats mot den organiserade brottsligheten.
(The police carried out a major operation against organized crime.) - Han förlorade hela insatsen på ett enda kort.
(He lost the entire stake on a single card.)
18. ett nederlag noun
A defeat or loss, typically in a competition, battle, or significant undertaking. It signifies a failure to achieve a desired outcome.
Context: The word 'nederlag' is commonly used in contexts involving competition or conflict, such as sports, military battles, or political elections. It can also be used more metaphorically to describe a significant personal or professional setback or failure.
Examples:
- Lagets oväntade nederlag i finalen chockade fansen.
(The team's unexpected defeat in the final shocked the fans.) - Valet blev ett stort nederlag för det styrande partiet.
(The election was a major defeat for the ruling party.) - Han såg skilsmässan som ett personligt nederlag.
(He saw the divorce as a personal defeat.)
19. påfallande adjective
Describes something that is very easy to notice because it is different, unusual, or remarkable. It means 'striking', 'conspicuous', or 'markedly'.
Context: Used to highlight a quality, similarity, or difference that stands out clearly. For instance, you might talk about a 'påfallande likhet' (a striking resemblance), a 'påfallande tystnad' (a conspicuous silence), or someone being 'påfallande glad' (strikingly happy). It can be used as both an adjective and an adverb without changing its form.
Examples:
- Det fanns en påfallande likhet mellan de två systrarna.
(There was a striking resemblance between the two sisters.) - Hans brist på intresse var påfallande.
(His lack of interest was conspicuous.) - Hon var påfallande tyst under middagen.
(She was strikingly quiet during the dinner.)
20. ett samvete noun
The inner feeling or voice that acts as a guide to the rightness or wrongness of one's behavior.
Context: Used when discussing morality, guilt, ethics, and personal responsibility. It's often described as good or bad ('gott/dåligt samvete') or clean ('rent samvete'). A very common phrase is 'att ha dåligt samvete', which means 'to have a bad conscience' or simply 'to feel guilty'.
Examples:
- Jag har dåligt samvete för att jag glömde hennes födelsedag.
(I have a bad conscience because I forgot her birthday.) - Han agerade efter sitt samvete och gjorde det rätta.
(He acted according to his conscience and did the right thing.) - Hon har ett rent samvete eftersom hon alltid är ärlig.
(She has a clear conscience because she is always honest.)
21. att umgås verb
To spend time with someone in a social setting; to socialize, associate with, or hang out.
Context: The verb 'att umgås' is a cornerstone of Swedish social life. It describes the general act of spending time with people, whether it's friends, family, or colleagues. It's a reciprocal verb, meaning the action is mutual (you can't 'umgås' by yourself). It's less formal than 'to socialize' and broader than 'to hang out', covering everything from having a coffee to spending a whole weekend together.
Examples:
- Jag gillar att umgås med mina vänner på helgerna.
(I like to hang out with my friends on the weekends.) - Vi brukar umgås efter jobbet på fredagar.
(We usually socialize after work on Fridays.) - Vem brukar du umgås med?
(Who do you usually spend time with?)
22. att uppge verb
To state, declare, or provide information, such as a name, reason, or address. It can also mean to give up, abandon, or surrender, often in the context of a fight, hope, or a goal.
Context: This verb is commonly used in formal situations, such as when filling out forms, making official statements, or in legal contexts where you are required to provide specific information ('state' or 'declare'). A second, distinct meaning is 'to give up' or 'to abandon', often used for things like a search, a plan, or hope.
Examples:
- Vänligen uppge ditt fullständiga namn och din adress.
(Please state your full name and address.) - Han vägrade att uppge en anledning till sitt beslut.
(He refused to give a reason for his decision.) - De var tvungna att uppge sökandet på grund av dåligt väder.
(They had to give up the search due to bad weather.)
23. att urskilja verb
To perceive, recognize, or identify something that is not clear or obvious, often by separating it from its background or from other similar things.
Context: The verb 'att urskilja' is used when you perceive something with difficulty. It implies that the object of perception (what you see, hear, or understand) is faint, distant, unclear, or mixed in with other things, requiring effort to separate it from its surroundings. It can be used for both physical senses (like trying to see a shape in the fog) and for abstract concepts (like distinguishing between two similar ideas).
Examples:
- Det var svårt att urskilja skeppet i dimman.
(It was difficult to make out the ship in the fog.) - Jag kunde knappt urskilja vad hon viskade.
(I could barely discern what she was whispering.) - Han har en god förmåga att urskilja olika färgnyanser.
(He has a good ability to distinguish different shades of color.)
24. att utgöra verb
'Att utgöra' means to constitute, make up, or form the parts of a whole. It describes the composition or essence of something.
Context: The verb 'att utgöra' is often used in more formal or written Swedish. It's used to describe what something consists of or what its components are. It can also be used to describe something that represents a certain quality, such as a threat, a problem, or an exception.
Examples:
- Dessa dokument utgör bevis i målet.
(These documents constitute proof in the case.) - Kommittén utgörs av fem medlemmar.
(The committee is made up of five members.) - Föroreningar utgör ett allvarligt hot mot miljön.
(Pollution constitutes a serious threat to the environment.)
25. en åskådare noun
A person who watches an event, such as a sports match, a play, or a public incident, without participating; a spectator or onlooker.
Context: Used to describe someone in an audience at a sporting event, concert, theater performance, or any public gathering. It emphasizes the act of watching or observing, often from a distance.
Examples:
- Matchen hade tusentals åskådare på läktarna.
(The match had thousands of spectators in the stands.) - En nyfiken åskådare stannade för att se vad som hände.
(A curious onlooker stopped to see what was happening.) - Skådespelarna bugade för de jublande åskådarna.
(The actors bowed to the cheering spectators.)