Avancera Ord - Kapitel 10
1. en andel noun
A part, portion, or share of a larger whole. It signifies a piece of something that is divided among several people or entities.
Context: The word 'andel' is most frequently used in financial or business contexts to mean a 'share' or 'stake' in something, like a company or a fund. It can also be used more generally to describe a 'portion' or 'proportion' of a whole, for example, 'en stor andel av befolkningen' (a large proportion of the population).
Examples:
- Hon köpte en andel i det nya teknikföretaget.
(She bought a share in the new tech company.) - En stor andel av eleverna pendlar till skolan.
(A large portion of the students commute to school.) - Alla måste göra sin andel av arbetet.
(Everyone must do their share of the work.)
2. att anklaga verb
To formally or informally state that someone is responsible for a fault, wrongdoing, or crime.
Context: The verb "att anklaga" is used in both formal legal settings and informal everyday situations. In a legal context, it means to formally charge someone with a crime. In daily life, it's used more broadly to mean blaming or pointing a finger at someone for a fault or wrongdoing.
Examples:
- Åklagaren bestämde sig för att anklaga honom för bedrägeri.
(The prosecutor decided to accuse him of fraud.) - Anklaga mig inte för något jag inte har gjort!
(Don't accuse me of something I haven't done!) - Hon blev anklagad för att vara oärlig.
(She was accused of being dishonest.)
3. att avta verb
To decrease, diminish, subside, or wane in strength, intensity, or quantity over time.
Context: The verb 'att avta' is used to describe something that gradually becomes less in amount, intensity, or strength. It's commonly used for weather phenomena (like wind or rain), feelings (like pain or interest), or abstract concepts (like influence or support). It implies a gradual reduction rather than a sudden stop.
Examples:
- Vinden förväntas avta under kvällen.
(The wind is expected to subside during the evening.) - Mitt intresse för serien började avta efter den andra säsongen.
(My interest in the series began to wane after the second season.) - Lyckligtvis har smärtan börjat avta.
(Fortunately, the pain has started to decrease.)
4. avundsjuk adjective
Feeling or showing envy of someone or their achievements and advantages. It describes the negative feeling of wanting something that someone else has.
Context: The word 'avundsjuk' is used to describe the feeling of jealousy or envy towards another person's possessions, success, or relationships. It's a common emotional adjective. For example, you might feel 'avundsjuk' if your friend buys a new house, gets a promotion you wanted, or goes on a fantastic vacation.
Examples:
- Jag blir lite avundsjuk när jag ser din nya bil.
(I get a little jealous when I see your new car.) - Hon var avundsjuk på sin systers framgång.
(She was envious of her sister's success.) - Det finns ingen anledning att vara avundsjuk, din tur kommer också.
(There is no reason to be jealous, your turn will come too.)
5. att bekräfta verb
To confirm, verify, or acknowledge the truth, receipt, or existence of something. It can also mean to affirm a decision or an appointment.
Context: This verb is widely used in various situations, from formal business communication (like confirming a meeting or an order) to personal interactions (like acknowledging someone's feelings or confirming a plan). It's the standard word for verifying information.
Examples:
- Kan du vänligen bekräfta din bokning via e-post?
(Can you please confirm your booking via email?) - Resultaten bekräftade våra misstankar.
(The results confirmed our suspicions.) - Han nickade för att bekräfta att han förstod.
(He nodded to acknowledge that he understood.)
6. att belysa verb
To illuminate something, either literally with light, or figuratively by explaining, clarifying, or drawing attention to a topic or issue.
Context: This verb has both a literal and a figurative meaning. Literally, it means to shine light on an object or area, like lighting a stage or a piece of art. Figuratively, and more commonly in formal or academic writing, it means to clarify, explain, or 'shed light on' a complex topic, problem, or question to make it easier to understand.
Examples:
- Rapporten syftar till att belysa problemen i skolsystemet.
(The report aims to highlight the problems in the school system.) - Vi använde strålkastare för att belysa byggnadens fasad.
(We used spotlights to illuminate the facade of the building.) - Under intervjun ombads hon att belysa sitt beslut.
(During the interview, she was asked to shed light on her decision.)
7. belåten adjective
Feeling or showing satisfaction or pleasure with one's situation, possessions, or accomplishments. It implies a state of quiet contentment.
Context: The word 'belåten' describes a state of quiet and deep satisfaction, often after a pleasant experience like a good meal or a completed task. It can sometimes carry a slightly smug or self-satisfied connotation, similar to a cat purring after getting cream. It's a more passive and internal feeling than 'nöjd' (satisfied with a specific outcome) or 'glad' (happy).
Examples:
- Efter den stora middagen lutade han sig tillbaka i stolen, mätt och belåten.
(After the big dinner, he leaned back in his chair, full and content.) - Katten såg belåten ut där den låg i solen.
(The cat looked content as it lay in the sun.) - Hon gav ett belåtet leende när hon såg slutresultatet.
(She gave a satisfied smile when she saw the final result.)
8. bortskämd adjective
Describes a person, typically a child, who is ill-behaved or ungrateful because they have been given everything they want.
Context: The word 'bortskämd' is the past participle of the verb 'att skämma bort' (to spoil). It's used to describe someone who has been overindulged, often leading to a sense of entitlement or ungratefulness. While commonly used for children, it can also describe adults or even pets who are demanding or expect to be catered to.
Examples:
- Han är så bortskämd, han får alltid som han vill.
(He is so spoiled, he always gets his way.) - Kalla mig inte bortskämd bara för att jag gillar fina saker.
(Don't call me spoiled just because I like nice things.) - Vår katt är helt bortskämd och äter bara den dyraste maten.
(Our cat is completely spoiled and only eats the most expensive food.)
9. framstående adjective
Describes someone or something that is very well known, respected, and important in a particular field, or something that is easily seen or noticed. It signifies being notable or standing out from the rest.
Context: This word is used to describe people, achievements, or physical features that are exceptional, distinguished, or highly visible. For instance, you might talk about a 'framstående forskare' (a prominent researcher), a 'framstående roll' (a prominent role), or a 'framstående haka' (a prominent chin). It generally carries a positive connotation of excellence and importance.
Examples:
- Hon är en framstående forskare inom sitt område.
(She is a prominent researcher in her field.) - Byggnadens mest framstående drag är dess höga torn.
(The building's most prominent feature is its tall tower.) - Han spelade en framstående roll i förhandlingarna.
(He played a prominent role in the negotiations.)
10. ett framsteg noun
A step forward or an improvement; a development towards a better state or a goal. The word is the same in both singular (ett framsteg) and plural (flera framsteg).
Context: The word 'framsteg' is used to describe positive development in various areas, such as technology, science, personal learning, or societal change. It signifies moving forward and making improvements, whether in small steps or large leaps.
Examples:
- Att lära sig tio nya ord varje dag är ett stort framsteg.
(Learning ten new words every day is great progress.) - Forskarna har gjort betydande framsteg inom artificiell intelligens.
(The researchers have made significant advances in artificial intelligence.) - Trots motgångarna har vi ändå gjort framsteg.
(Despite the setbacks, we have still made progress.)
11. att förmoda verb
To believe something is likely to be true, without being certain or having firm proof. It's similar to 'to suppose', 'to presume', or 'to assume'.
Context: Used to express an assumption or a belief based on likelihood rather than concrete evidence. It's common in both formal and informal speech when you are making an educated guess or stating what you think is probably the case.
Examples:
- Jag förmodar att du redan har hört nyheterna.
(I suppose you have already heard the news.) - Polisen förmodar att tjuven tog sig in genom ett fönster.
(The police presume that the thief entered through a window.) - Vi kan bara förmoda vad som hände sedan.
(We can only presume what happened after that.)
12. att förorena verb
To make an area or substance, such as air, water, or soil, dirty or harmful by adding poisonous or damaging substances to it.
Context: The verb 'att förorena' is primarily used in environmental contexts to describe the act of making air, water, or soil dirty or harmful. It's the standard term for pollution caused by industry, traffic, waste, or chemical spills. It can also be used more broadly to mean 'to contaminate' a substance, like a water sample or food.
Examples:
- Fabriker kan förorena luften och vattnet.
(Factories can pollute the air and the water.) - Ett oljeutsläpp har förorenat kusten.
(An oil spill has contaminated the coast.) - Vi får inte förorena vår planet.
(We must not pollute our planet.)
13. en förteckning noun
A formal, systematic list, catalog, index, or register of items, names, or other information.
Context: Used in formal, official, or technical contexts, such as in reports, libraries (catalog), legal documents (register), or technical manuals. It implies a more structured and comprehensive list than the more common word 'lista'. For example, a phone book is 'en telefonförteckning'.
Examples:
- Biblioteket har en förteckning över alla sina böcker.
(The library has a catalog of all its books.) - Vänligen se den bifogade förteckningen över deltagare.
(Please see the attached list of participants.) - Hon gjorde en förteckning över alla sina ägodelar.
(She made an inventory of all her belongings.)
14. en förutsättning noun
A prerequisite, a necessary condition, or a requirement for something else to happen or be true. It can also mean an assumption or premise, stemming from the verb 'att förutsätta' (to assume/presuppose). In plural ('förutsättningar'), it often means 'conditions' or 'circumstances'.
Context: This word is commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. You'll encounter it in discussions about plans, projects, and goals, where it refers to the necessary conditions for success. It's also used in legal or contractual language (often as 'villkor och förutsättningar' - terms and conditions) and in logical or scientific reasoning to describe a basic premise.
Examples:
- God kommunikation är en förutsättning för ett bra samarbete.
(Good communication is a prerequisite for good collaboration.) - En av förutsättningarna för att få jobbet är att du talar flytande engelska.
(One of the conditions for getting the job is that you speak fluent English.) - Vi arbetar under helt nya förutsättningar nu.
(We are working under completely new conditions now.)
15. att inskränka verb
To make something smaller in scope, extent, or quantity; to impose limitations or restrictions. It often implies reducing someone's rights, freedom, or possibilities.
Context: This verb is often used in formal, legal, or political contexts, for example when discussing the limitation of rights, freedoms (like freedom of speech), or resources (like a budget). It can also be used more generally to mean 'to confine' or 'to curtail'.
Examples:
- Regeringen anklagades för att försöka inskränka pressfriheten.
(The government was accused of trying to restrict the freedom of the press.) - På grund av budgetnedskärningar måste vi inskränka vår verksamhet.
(Due to budget cuts, we have to limit our operations.) - Lagen syftar till att inskränka användningen av skadliga kemikalier.
(The law aims to curtail the use of harmful chemicals.)
16. invecklad adjective
Describes something that is complex, having many interconnected parts or details, making it difficult to understand or deal with. Synonymous with complex or intricate.
Context: Used to describe situations, problems, explanations, or structures that are not simple or straightforward. For instance, you might talk about an 'invecklad' legal process, a 'invecklad' machine, or an 'invecklad' plot in a book.
Examples:
- Problemet är mer invecklat än vi först trodde.
(The problem is more complicated than we first thought.) - Hon gav en lång och invecklad förklaring.
(She gave a long and complicated explanation.) - Det är en invecklad historia med många vändningar.
(It's an intricate story with many twists and turns.)
17. ett medeltal noun
A calculated central value of a set of numbers, obtained by dividing the sum of the values by their number. It is the mathematical term for 'average' or 'mean'.
Context: Used primarily in mathematical, statistical, and academic contexts to refer to the arithmetic mean. While 'genomsnitt' is a more common word for 'average' in everyday conversation, 'medeltal' is the precise term for the calculated average of a set of numbers.
Examples:
- För att få ett medeltal, summerar du alla värden och delar med antalet värden.
(To get an average, you sum all the values and divide by the number of values.) - Medeltalet av 2, 4 och 6 är 4.
(The average (mean) of 2, 4, and 6 is 4.) - Klassens medeltal på provet var 85 poäng.
(The class's average on the test was 85 points.)
18. olaga adjective
Not in accordance with or permitted by law; illegal or illicit. The prefix 'o-' acts as a negative, similar to 'un-' in English, and 'laga' relates to 'lag' (law).
Context: This word is primarily used in formal and legal contexts. It often forms part of compound nouns to describe specific crimes, such as 'olaga hot' (unlawful threat), 'olaga intrång' (unlawful entry/trespassing), or 'olaga vapeninnehav' (unlawful possession of a weapon). You will rarely hear it in casual conversation.
Examples:
- Han dömdes för olaga hot mot sin granne.
(He was convicted of making unlawful threats against his neighbor.) - Att gå in på någons tomt utan lov är olaga intrång.
(Entering someone's property without permission is unlawful entry (trespassing).) - Företaget anklagades för olaga avfallshantering.
(The company was accused of illegal waste disposal.)
19. påfrestande adjective
Describes something that is demanding, stressful, or puts a strain on one's physical, mental, or emotional resources; trying or taxing.
Context: This word is used to describe situations, tasks, periods of time, or even relationships that are mentally, emotionally, or physically draining. It's similar to 'stressful', 'demanding', or 'trying' in English. For example, you might talk about a 'påfrestande jobb' (demanding job) or a 'påfrestande situation' (stressful situation).
Examples:
- Det har varit en påfrestande vecka på jobbet.
(It has been a stressful week at work.) - Att ta hand om ett sjukt barn kan vara mycket påfrestande.
(Taking care of a sick child can be very demanding.) - Värmen gjorde vandringen extra påfrestande.
(The heat made the hike extra strenuous.)
20. tillfällig adjective
Describes something that lasts or is intended to last for only a limited period of time; not permanent. It can also mean happening or found from time to time, i.e., occasional.
Context: Used to describe situations, objects, or states that are not permanent or constant. For example, a temporary job ('ett tillfälligt jobb'), a temporary address ('en tillfällig adress'), or an occasional feeling ('en tillfällig känsla'). It is the opposite of 'permanent' or 'fast'.
Examples:
- Detta är bara en tillfällig lösning på problemet.
(This is only a temporary solution to the problem.) - Han fick ett tillfälligt jobb över sommaren.
(He got a temporary job over the summer.) - Vägavstängningen är bara tillfällig.
(The road closure is only temporary.)
21. ett underskott noun
A deficit or shortfall, typically in a financial context, where expenses are greater than income, or more generally, when there is less of something than is required. The definite form is 'underskottet' and the plural is 'underskott'.
Context: Primarily used in economics and finance to describe a situation where spending exceeds revenue, such as a budget deficit (budgetunderskott) or a trade deficit (handelsunderskott). It can also be used more broadly to mean a lack or shortage of something, like a sleep deficit.
Examples:
- Regeringen presenterade en budget med ett stort underskott.
(The government presented a budget with a large deficit.) - Företaget har gått med underskott i flera år.
(The company has been running at a deficit for several years.) - Efter en vecka med lite sömn hade han ett allvarligt sömnunderskott.
(After a week with little sleep, he had a serious sleep deficit.)
22. att uppgå verb
To reach a certain number, level, or sum; to amount to or total.
Context: The verb 'att uppgå' is primarily used in formal or written contexts, especially when discussing numbers, quantities, costs, or statistics. It's the go-to verb for stating a total sum or quantity, similar to 'to total' or 'to amount to' in English.
Examples:
- Den totala kostnaden uppgår till 500 kronor.
(The total cost amounts to 500 kronor.) - Antalet deltagare uppgick till ett nytt rekord i år.
(The number of participants reached a new record this year.) - Hans förmögenhet beräknas uppgå till flera miljoner.
(His fortune is estimated to amount to several million.)
23. ett utbud noun
The collection of goods or services available for sale or use; the variety or assortment offered by a provider. It can also refer to 'supply' in the economic sense (as in supply and demand).
Context: This word is commonly used when talking about the variety of products in a store, the range of courses at a university, or the selection of movies on a streaming service. It's the 'what's on offer'. You'll also encounter it in economics in the phrase 'utbud och efterfrågan' (supply and demand).
Examples:
- Affären har ett brett utbud av ekologiska grönsaker.
(The store has a wide range of organic vegetables.) - Jag är imponerad av utbudet på den nya streamingtjänsten.
(I am impressed by the selection on the new streaming service.) - Priset styrs av utbud och efterfrågan.
(The price is controlled by supply and demand.)
24. att utreda verb
To investigate, examine, or inquire into something systematically in order to establish the facts or find a solution.
Context: The verb 'att utreda' is used when talking about a formal or systematic examination of a matter to discover the facts. It's commonly used in legal, police, medical, and governmental contexts, but can also be used more generally for any thorough inquiry into a problem or issue. The noun form is 'en utredning' (an investigation/inquiry).
Examples:
- Polisen utreder rånet.
(The police are investigating the robbery.) - Regeringen kommer att tillsätta en kommission för att utreda frågan.
(The government will appoint a commission to investigate the matter.) - Vi måste utreda vad som orsakade systemfelet.
(We need to investigate what caused the system failure.)
25. att åstadkomma verb
To successfully bring about, create, or complete something, often as a result of effort. It is equivalent to the English verbs 'to accomplish', 'to achieve', or 'to bring about'.
Context: The verb "att åstadkomma" is generally used in more formal or written contexts than its English counterparts "to get done" or "to make happen". It's common when discussing goals, results, projects, or changes, emphasizing the successful completion or creation of something significant.
Examples:
- Vad hoppas ni åstadkomma med den här nya strategin?
(What do you hope to accomplish with this new strategy?) - Det är svårt att åstadkomma verklig förändring på så kort tid.
(It is difficult to bring about real change in such a short time.) - Tillsammans lyckades de åstadkomma ett fantastiskt resultat.
(Together, they managed to achieve a fantastic result.)